Near-surface temperatures in the Dome Summit South (Law Dome, East Antarctica) borehole

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Abstract
Firn temperatures at the Dome Summit South drill site, East Antarctica, are simulated by driving a thermal model of the ice sheet with observed instrumental records over the period 1960-96. The model incorporates firn density and thermal properties to reproduce measured borehole temperatures as shallow as 5 m below the surface, where the seasonal temperature wave is readily apparent. The study shows that ice-sheet temperatures are approximately 0.8°C cooler than mean 4 m air temperatures. It also finds that non-conductive processes such as ventilation and radiation can be simulated at this site by assuming perfect thermal contact between the top ∼1 m of firn and the atmosphere on monthly time-scales.