Immature dendritic cell-derived exosomes can mediate HIV-1 trans infection
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- 9 January 2006
- journal article
- Published by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Vol. 103 (3) , 738-743
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507995103
Abstract
Immature dendritic cells (DCs) capture HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and can transmit captured virus particles to T cells. In this report, we show that HIV-1 particles captured by DCs can be transmitted to T cells by exocytosis without de novo infection. Captured HIV-1 particles were rapidly endocytosed to tetraspan protein (CD9, CD63)-positive endocytic compartments that were reminiscent of multivesicular endosomal bodies. Furthermore, some of the endocytosed virus particles were constitutively released into the extracellular milieu in association with HLA-DR1 + , CD1b + , CD9 + , and CD63 + vesicles (exosomes) and could initiate productive infections of CD4 + target cells. Surprisingly, the exocytosed vesicle-associated HIV-1 particles from DCs were 10-fold more infectious on a perparticle basis than cell-free virus particles. These studies describe a previously undescribed mechanism of DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission and suggest that virus particle trafficking to multivesicular endosomal bodies and subsequent exocytosis can provide HIV-1 particles captured by DCs an avenue for immune escape.Keywords
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