Gender Differences and Low Birth Weight With Maternal Smokeless Tobacco Use in Pregnancy

Abstract
A preliminary study of maternal smokeless tobacco use, mostly oral applications of burnt tobacco or ‘mishri’, in pregnancy showed 65 of 178 singleton liveborns occurred to users and 113 to non-users in Bombay, India. Eighty-three newborns, 42 to maternal tobacco users and 41 to non-users were P0.1, NS) for male and 6.96 (confidence interval 2.5–19.4, PPPin utero effect of maternal smokeless tobacco use on male and female fetuses may differ.

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