Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in urology: where have we been and where are we heading?

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Abstract
One-port, single-incision laparoscopy is part of the natural development of minimally invasive surgery. Refinement and modification of laparoscopic instrumentation has resulted in a substantial increase in the use of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) in urology over the past 2 years. Since the initial report of single-port nephrectomy in 2007, urologists have successfully performed various procedures with LESS, including partial nephrectomy, pyeloplasty, orchiectomy, orchiopexy, ureterolithotomy, sacrocolpopexy, renal biopsy, renal cryotherapy, and adrenalectomy. Further advancements in technology, such as magnetic anchoring and guidance systems, and robotic instrumentation, may allow broader application of this emerging surgical technique. Future research is required to determine the intraoperative and postoperative benefits of LESS in comparison with standard laparoscopy.