Mode conversion in an imperfect waveguide

Abstract
A formalism is described for calculating the mode conversion induced in a straight waveguide by imperfections which break its translational symmetry, and in one whose direction changes along its length. The method employs 'quasimodes' which are adapted to the local nature of the guide. The method is particularly useful when the spatial frequency of the imperfections is small compared with the differences in wavenumbers of the guided modes involved or when the radius of a bend is much greater than the width of the guide.

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