Cardiovascular changes in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) during exercise

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Abstract
The effects of steady-state, aerobic swimming exercise upon the cardiovascular system of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) are discussed. When these fish are forced to swim at 80% of their critical velocity, blood flow is redistributed in the systemic circulation to favour working muscles, at the expense of decreased flow to nonmuscle structures. Given oxygen uptake and cardiac output data, combined with blood flow distribution patterns during exercise, it is calculated that the working muscles can account for nearly all the measured increase in total oxygen uptake at this level of exercise. The possible underlying mechanisms for systemic blood flow control and the increase in gas exchange efficiency across the gills of exercising rainbow trout also are examined.

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