The Estimation of Sample Size in Experiments

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Abstract
Formulae are presented for estimating the size of samples necessary for statistical significance to be asserted at different levels of significance and powers of the test, for comparison of a sample proportion with a universe proportion, and for comparison of two sample proportions. A table is presented which will enable the reader to rapidly determine the size of the samples necessary for significance to be asserted at 1% level of significance with 99% power, or at 5% level of significance with 95% power. If the reader assumes the smaller true proportion he can read the estimated sample sizes once he knows how much larger the other true proportion is to be. Illustrations from the dental research literature are presented.
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