Pine Vole Control with Anticoagulant Baits in Apple Orchards1

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Abstract
Commercially formulated baits of 3-[3-4’-bromo[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl) l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (brodifacoum, BFC, Volak), 2-[(p-chlorophenyl) phenylacetyl]-1,3-indandione (chlorophacinone, CPN, Rozol), and 2-diphenylacetyl-1,2-indandione (diphacinone, DPN, Ramik-Brown) hand placed at 5.6 kg/ha (5 lb./acre), 11.2 kg/ha (10 lb./acre), and 11.2 kg/ha (10 lb./acre), respectively, were effective pine vole control agents. Hand-placed baits were more effective under adverse weather conditions than broadcast baits. Cellophane packaged BFC bait placed under site covers gave excellent control and greatly protected bait from soil moisture and spoilage. Broadcast treatments of anticoagulant baits gave good control at the following rates: 1 application of BFC at 16.8 kg/ha (15 lb./acre), 3-[3-(4’-bromo [1,1’-biphenyl]-4-y)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (bromodialone, BDL, Maki) at 16.8 kg/ha (15 lb./acre), and 1 application CPN at 22.4 kg/ha (20 lb./acre), or 2 applications of DPN at 22.4 kg/ha (20 lb./acre) each.

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