Water stress‐induced alterations in the proline metabolism of drought‐susceptible and ‐tolerant cassava (Manihot esculenta) cultivars

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Abstract
The free proline levels and activities of ornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) and proline oxidase (EC 1.5.2.2), two of the enzymes involved in proline metabolism were studied during the induction of water stress in a drought susceptible (M‐4) and a drought tolerant (S‐1315) cultivar of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (MW 6000, osmotic potential — 1.65 MPa) caused a ca 25‐fold increase in proline in young excised leaves of the susceptible cultivar (M‐4) while the increase was about 9‐fold in the tolerant cultivar (S‐1315). The activity of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline, was found to increase 3‐fold in water stressed leaves of M‐4 and about 2‐fold in those of S‐1315. The activity of proline oxidase, which is involved in the degradation of proline to pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate, was reduced by 50% in M‐4 and nearly 25% in S‐1315 on water stress. Comparison of the kinetic properties of OAT showed that the enzyme from water‐stressed leaves is more stable to heat inactivation compared to that of control. These results indicate that during water stress there are alterations in the metabolism of proline in cassava, and the extent of alteration varies between drought‐susceptible and ‐tolerant cultivars.