Abstract
Under anaerobic conditions E. coli is unable to grow in minimal medium with non-fermentable substrates unless an electron acceptor such as nitrate or fumarate is provided. Attempts to isolate E. coli mutants (frd) deficient in fumarate reductase on a lactate plus fumarate medium under anaerobic conditions led to a new method for the direct selection for chlorate-resistant mutants (chl).