Intense pulsed helium droplet beams

Pulsed (30–100 μs) nozzle beams have been used to generate helium droplets ${\text{(〈N〉=10}}^4{\text{–10}}^5\mathrm{).}$ The dependence of the beam intensity and the mean droplet size on the source stagnation pressure and temperature are studied via mass spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence of embedded phthalocyanine molecules. In comparison to a cw beam the pulsed source for the same pressure and temperature has a factor of 100 higher flux and the droplet sizes are 1 order of a magnitude larger.