Breeding Season of White-Tailed Deer in New York

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Abstract
Data regarding the breeding season of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New York State were obtained by examining wild specimens as well as by exptl. matings and later recovery of embryos from does held in captivity. Height of breeding activity in [male] [male], as indicated by testis volume, was reached in Oct. and Nov. Actual mating dates are detd. by the estrus cycle of the [female]. Based on the presence of corpora lutea in the ovaries, individual does may experience 3 or more estrus periods during one season, if unsuccessfully bred. Approx. breeding dates were calculated by estimating age of embryos from wild does through comparison with embryonic growth-curve based on known age specimens from deer bred in captivity (the majority recovered by Caesarean section). This indicated the peak of successful breeding among wild adult does to be Nov. 10-23. Differences between the northern and southern regions of the State are discussed and compared with findings reported for other species of Cervidae. The character of the gonadal cycle may result from variations in endocrine balance induced by differences in stimuli from the external environment.