Production of the host-selective phytotoxin phomalide by isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans and its correlation with sirodesmin PL production

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Abstract
The production of the phytotoxins phomalide and sirodesmin PL by virulent isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. (asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm.), the causative agent of blackleg or stem canker disease, was investigated. The effects of temperature, light, age of spores, and calcium ions on the production of phomalide, as well as a correlation between phomalide and sirodesmin PL production, were determined. Finally, the effect of phomalide on fungal spore germination of virulent isolates and isolation of phomalide from blackleg-infected foliar tissue are reported for the first time.Key words: Leptosphaeria maculans, Phoma lingam, phomalide, sirodesmin PL, HPLC analysis.