15 measurements, 6 indices and numerous observations were reported on 1483 Syrian [male][male]. These men live in 3 different geographical areas, the mountains, the desert border and the desert. The major differences in passing from the mountains to the desert are a progressive darkening of the skin, lengthening of the head, decrease of the cephalic index, narrowing of the face and lengthening of the face and nose. The racial cleavage was definitely along geographical lines and not religious affiliation. The mountain brachycephals are of European affiliation, whereas the desert nomads are typical members of the Mediterranean race.