Pharmacokinetic fate and pathological effects of14C‐fumonisin B1 in laying hens

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Abstract
Presence of fumonisin B1(FB1), a major metabolite ofFusarium moniliforme, in corn is of great concern to both human and animal health because of its wide range of toxicity. The pharmacokinetics of FB1was studied in laying hens following oral and intravenous administration of14C‐labelled FB1. After iv dosing (2.0 mg = 23.68 kBq/kg bw) plasma radioactivity underwent a very rapid bi‐exponential decline (t1/2 α = 2.5 ± 0.3 min; t1/2 β = 48.8 ± 11.2 min) with negligible levels measured after 4–6 hr. Mean value for the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 18.27 ml/kg, apparent volume of central compartment (Vdβ) was 82.20 ml/kg and plasma clearance was 1.18 ml/min/kg. At 24 hr post‐dosing only trace residues were present in liver, kidney, and cecum. When dosed by the oral route (2.0 mg = 47.36 kBq/kg bw), systemic absorption of fumonisin appeared to be poor (F = 0.71 ± 0.5%) with peak plasma concentrations of only 40–145 dpm/ml (equivalent to 28–103 ng FB1and/or metabolites per ml) between 1.5 and 2.5 hr. At 24 hr post‐dosing only trace amounts were present in crop, liver, kidney, small intestine, and cecum. In both orally and iv dosed birds almost all (97.7 ± 3.73%) of the radioactivity was recovered in excreta by the end of the 24 hr experiment period and no residues were found in eggs laid during the 24 hr post‐dosing period. Pathological evaluation of laying hens fed 110 g daily of feed containing 4 mg FB1/kg for a 28 day duration revealed no significant gross or histological lesions between test and control birds sacrificed at various times (7, 14, 21, 28 d) during the feeding period. Published 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.