Different Meaning of CD38 Molecule Expression on CD4+ and CD8+ Cells of Children Perinatally Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Surviving Longer than Five Years

1 June 1998

journal article
research article
Published by Springer Nature in Pediatric Research

Vol. 43 (6) , 752-758
https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199806000-00007

Abstract

We investigated the relationship between CD4⁺CD38⁺ CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺, CD8⁺CD38⁺, and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺ cell proportions (HLA-DR = major histocompatibility complex class II) (determined by two-color immunofluorescence) and the clinical condition, IL-2 and IL-6 production, viral RNA copy numbers, and the eventual immunologic-virologic course in 25 children perinatally infected with HIV-1 surviving longer than 5 y [median age, 92 (range, 63-136) mo]. Twelve healthy age-matched children were studied as control subjects. HIV-1⁺ children had lower percentages and absolute numbers of CD4⁺CD38⁺, whereas the percentages of CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺ and the percentages and absolute numbers of CD8⁺CD38⁺ and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺ cells were higher than that of control subjects. The absolute numbers of CD4⁺ and the percentages of CD4⁺CD38⁺, CD8⁺CD38⁺, and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺ cells directly correlated, whereas the percentages of CD4⁺CD38⁺ and CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺ cells, the percentages of CD4⁺CD38⁺ and CD8⁺CD38⁺ cells, the CD8⁺ cell absolute numbers, and the percentages of CD8⁺CD38⁺ cells did not. Severe manifestations and immunologic deterioration occurred in children with low CD4⁺CD38⁺ cell percentages, whereas virologic worsening was associated with low CD8⁺CD38⁺ and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺ cell percentages. IL-2 production directly correlated with percentages and absolute numbers of CD4⁺CD38⁺ and CD8⁺CD38⁺ cells. RNA copy numbers inversely correlated with CD4⁺CD38⁺, CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺, CD8⁺CD38⁺, and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺ cell percentages. This suggests that CD38 molecule expression on both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cell subsets is a favorable marker in HIV-1⁺ children. Perhaps CD8⁺CD38⁺ subsets are activated cells, whereas CD4⁺CD38⁺ subsets are immature cells, possibly the host's attempt at CD4⁺ cell renewal.

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