Regulation of acetyl phosphate synthesis and degradation, and the control of flagellar expression in Escherichia coli

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Abstract
We investigated the relationship between Escherichia coli flagellar expression and the regulation of acetyl phosphate synthesis and degradation. Using cells either wild type for acetyl phosphate metabolism or defective for phosphotransacetylase or acetate kinase, or both, we measured flagellar expression and the intracellular concentration of acetyl phosphate relative to growth phase and temperature. Under the conditions tested, we found that elevated levels of acetyl phosphate corresponded to inhibition of flagellar synthesis. To extend these observations, we measured the intracellular concentration of acetyl‐CoA, the level of expression from the pta and ackA promoters, and the activities of phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase derived from cell lysates. Relative to increasing culture density, acetyl‐CoA levels and expression from both the pta and ackA promoters decreased. Relative to Increasing temperature, expression from the ackA promoter decreased and phosphotransacetylase activity increased. In contrast, temperature had little or no effect on either acetate kinase activity or expression from the pta promoter. We propose that cells regulate intracellular acetyl phosphate concentrations relative to growth phase and temperature by modulating the availability of acetyl‐CoA, the expression of ackA, and the activity of phosphotransacetylase.