Invited. Predictability of the size of laser‐induced lesions in T1‐weighted MR images obtained during interstitial laser‐induced thermotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict diameters of lesions induced by laser‐induced thermotherapy (LITT) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from MRI signal/tissue temperature correlations during on‐line monitoring with a temperature‐sensitive fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence. Twenty LITT procedures with Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) and diode (830 nm) lasers were monitored on line with a T1‐weighted FLASH sequence at 1.5 Tesla. Interstitial prostate temperature (T) was measured on line in 10 LITT procedures and laser energy deposition in 12. Slopes of linear regression curves for signal intensity (SI) over T were applied to determine SI at 60°C to estimate diameters of intraprostatic LITT lesions. Diameters of unperfused LITT lesion cores in contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images served as gold standards. Linear regression curves with an average slope of −.54% SI/°C were obtained in 17 LITT procedures. Correlation coefficients were r = .92−.95 for SI/T and SI/energy deposition. Baseline variation of SI at body temperature was ±3.9%, corresponding to ±7°C. Prediction of size (13 lesions) from on‐line FLASH imaging was correct in 10 of 13, whereas 3 lesions were overestimated. Prediction of LITT lesion diameters from on‐line MRI monitoring is possible with a temperature‐sensitive FLASH sequence in the prostate. Accuracy may suffice to assign target regions of interest to tissue locations to be protected from coagulation.