Effects of exercise therapy on total and component tissue leg volumes of patients undergoing rehabilitation from lower limb injury

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Abstract
Anthropometric and X-ray data were collected on 20 young male patients undergoing a systematic programme of exercise therapy following fracture of the leg and consequent immobilization for 25--254 (mean 117) days. Estimates of total leg volume, calculated from X-ray or from anthropometric measurements, were essentially interchangeable in both the injured and uninjured legs. A procedure for estimating muscle volume from total leg volume is given. At the start of rehabilitation, muscle volume was significantly smaller (860 ml, 16 per cent) in the injured than in the uninjured leg. By the end of rehabilitation (mean 50 days) the injured leg had siginficantly increased by 360 ml (8 per cent) over its initial volume, and the uninjured one had increased but not significantly (120 ml, 2 per cent), so that the injured leg was still approximately 11 per cent (620 ml) small than the uninjured. The initial degree of atrophy and the period of immobilization were not significantly correlated, although the latter showed a negative relationship (P greater than 0.05) with the rate of increase of muscle volume in the injured leg. No significant correlation was found between the ratio of injured/uninjured leg volumes and muscle width measurements at 1/3 subischial, at 12.7 cm above the knee joint space or at the maximum calf. In systematic studies involving atrophy muscle volume must therefore be estimated either by anthropometry or by X-ray measurements.