Variations in morphology of the superficial palate of henophidian snakes and some possible systematic implications

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Abstract
Attention is drawn to the possibility that the superficial palate may afford some characters of value in snake systematics. This possibility is explored with particular reference to the Henophidia. A relatively simple palatal morphology occurs in most lower Henophidia (Anomochilus, Cylindrophis, uropeltids, and Xenopeltis). In Anilius, the posterior palatal surface is turned dorsally and divided into two lobes that cover the internal choanae. Loxocemus and pythons are characterized by full development of vomerine flaps, weakly developed or absent in lower Henophidia. In boas (s.l.), the vomerine flaps are extended and contribute to a median choanal tongue, accompanied by emargination of the choanal arc. Further variation, of systematic interest, occurs within boas. Some cladistic implications of palatal and non-palatal characters are proposed, and compared with previous systematic arrangements.