Abstract
Scanning electron micrographs of pollen adhering to head feathers from preserved museum specimens of extinct or endangered Hawaiian birds indicate that several now extinct species once pollinated the Hawaiian ieie vine, Freycinetia arborea Gaud. The extinction of these birds together with the 1929 introduction of the Japanese whiteeye (Zosterops japonica) to Hawaii resulted in a change of pollinators for F. arborea. This methodology may prove useful in ecological studies of plant-animal relationships involving extinct or endangered animals.