Configuration and brightness contrast.

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Abstract
Triangles of gray placed on the limbs of a black cross were observed by Wertheimer to oppose the contrast effects anticipated, i.e., the gray adjacent to the most white should appear darker and one adjacent black should be lighter. Figural inherence (Zugehörigkeit) has been offered as a theory by Gestalt writers. Benary repeated Wertheimer's experiments with grays and colors and obtained essentially the same results as Wertheimer. The present writers criticize Benary's technique, repeat the experiments with some modification of the patterns and conclude that "at most this alleged factor (configuration) slightly modifies gray quality" and that "there is no justification for the claim that 'the whole determines the parts.' " The hypotheses of configuration and inherence "are neither clear, consistent nor adequate" to account for the observed modifications of contrast and induction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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