THERMODYNAMICS OF CATION EXCHANGE USING BABCOCKʼS STANDARD STATE1

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Abstract
This paper cites original data confirming the consistency of free energy changes based on Babcock's standard state, mole fraction one-half of the exchanger phase components. Activity coefficients for the conventional standard state, unit mole fraction, and Babcock's standard state were calculated from data for Na - Li exchange on Hanford soil. The activity coefficients associated with each standard state give equivalent information about conformity of the exchanger phase components to the ideal solution model, but with different reference states. Babcock's standard state, which requires only data for mole fraction one-half, proved especially convenient for Li - Mg and Na - Mg exchanges, in both of which Mg was preferred in the exchanger phase. This paper cites original data confirming the consistency of free energy changes based on Babcock's standard state, mole fraction one-half of the exchanger phase components. Activity coefficients for the conventional standard state, unit mole fraction, and Babcock's standard state were calculated from data for Na - Li exchange on Hanford soil. The activity coefficients associated with each standard state give equivalent information about conformity of the exchanger phase components to the ideal solution model, but with different reference states. Babcock's standard state, which requires only data for mole fraction one-half, proved especially convenient for Li - Mg and Na - Mg exchanges, in both of which Mg was preferred in the exchanger phase. © Williams & Wilkins 1984. All Rights Reserved.

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