A Temperature Effect on the Expression of Genotypic Differences in Flowering Induction in Antirrhinum majus

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Abstract
Three inbred lines of Antirrhinum majus and the F1 generations of crosses between them were scored for flowering time in nine greenhouse and garden experiments. The inbreds fell into two groups, the difference between which showed a marked interaction with environments. The two lines (An 105, An 106) which were similar were earlier flowering than the third line (An 101) in those environments which produced generally early flowering, but were later than An 101 when the environmental conditions led to late flowering. In all cases the F1 generations were at least as early as the earlier parent. Cabinet experiments identified temperature as the important environmental factor when day length was kept constant at 16 h. At 25°C, An 105 and An 106 were earlier than An 101 while at 12°C, at which temperature the average flowering time was much later, An 101 was earlier. The F1 generations were like An 105 and An 106 at 25°C but showed heterosis at 12°C. The differences in flowering time between genotypes were in all cases established by the time the first reproductive buds became visible (budding time). Thus a temperature difference well outside the range of vernalizing temperatures is having a striking effect on the phenotypic expression of genotypic differences determining the transition from vegetative to flowering development.

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