Forced convection mass transfer: Part I. Effect of turbulence level on mass transfer through boundary layers with a small favorable pressure gradient

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Abstract
The effect of free stream turbulence level on forced convection through laminar and turbulent boundary layers on a flat was studied in a wind tunnel with a small but nonzero favorable pressure gradient by means of the naphthalene sublimation technique.With the small favorable pressure gradient used in this study, the rate of forced convection through laminar boundary layers agreed with Polhausen's theoretical equation for turbulence levels less than 2.8% but increased in a regular fashion for turbulence levels greater than 2.8% and was almost tripled at a free stream turbulence level of 11%. There was no evidence of an interaction between pressure gradient and turbulence level which would produce disproportionate effects on the rate of forced convection through laminar boundary layers. Substantially no effect of turbulence level on forced convection through turbulent boundary layers was observed for turbulence levels up to 7%.