The effects of early experience on the response to pain.

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Abstract
Ten dogs reared in isolation in a drastically restricted environment were compared to 12 litter mates reared normally with respect to capacity to acquire shock-avoidance responses and in comparison of general response to painful stimulation. It was found that the isolates required more shock trials to acquire avoidance and that their general reactions to pain were severely limited. It is concluded that "early perceptual experience determines, in part at least, (a) the emergence of overt responses such as avoidance of noxious stimulation, and (b) the actual capacity to perceive pain normally.".
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