Abstract
Summary. For the understanding of the nature and causes of backwardness in reading, it is important that backward readers should not be regarded as a homogeneous group whose disability merely varies quantitatively. It seems probable that not only do they differ in their responses to remedial treatment; but also that the nature of their reading difficulties, and the factors associated with these, differ in different cases. In particular, ‘specific dyslexia’ seems to constitute a severe type of disability, particularly resistent to remedial treatment. Several investigations of this disability have recently been carried out, and evidence is adduced from them as to other associated symptoms, and to possible causes.

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