Abstract
The use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in, the analysis of soils and sediments is described. Particular reference is made to some applications within Southern Africa that suggest (i) the presence of fluvial deposits above the Zambezi gorge below the Victoria Falls. (ii) widespread silica precipitation as plates. resulting from present-day soil-water conditions. especially in the Matopos HiI1s of Rhodesia. (iii) a change in soil-water conditions. and possibly climate in the northern Transvaal near Louis Trichardt. and (iv) the efficacy of semiarid and desert weathering conditions in the southern Kalahari area near Uppington.

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