Notes on parasites of Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) in Middle East countries, with observations on biological control

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Abstract
A number of observations were made on parasites of certain Pentatomoids (sunn pest) attacking wheat in Middle East countries, during the course of other work on these pests. The principal host species studied were Eurygaster integriceps Put., E. maura (L.) and Aelia rostrata Boh. The data concern both Dipterous (Tachinid) endoparasites of the adult bugs, and also Hymenopterous (Scelionid) egg-parasites; the observations were made principally in central Turkey, and in the Varamine district of Iran. A few observations on predators were made also.The data concerning Tachinids consist of host records for six species of parasites. In no case observed by the author did these parasites appear to be of great importance in reducing the numbers of sunn pest; the same is true of the few instances of predators recorded.Observations were made on six species of Scelionid egg-parasites (five species of Asolcus and one of Hadronotus), five of which were bred from eggs of four species of Pentatomoid hosts collected in the field. The species concerning which the most comprehensive data were obtained were Asolcus rufiventris (Mayr), A. semistriatus (Nees) and A. vassilievi (Mayr). Egg-parasites are well known to be more efficacious in reducing sunn-pest populations, and A. semistriatus has been extensively used in Iran as a biological control agent. The data obtained enabled some ideas which are of importance for the use of egg-parasites in biological control to be formed and discussed. These concern principally (a) the susceptibilities of different hosts to parasitisation; (b) host selection by parasites; (c) the selection of a species of parasite most suitable for biological control in a particular area.

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