Deviation from Basal State During Catheterization of the right and left Sides of the Heart

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Abstract
For evaluation of the findings at heart catheterization it is important to consider the emotional factors that might influence the circulatory condition. The level of heart rate and O2 uptake gives some information. The direct puncture of the left ventricle may alter the circulatory state considerably and therefore this method can not be recommended for evaluating the pressure gradient in aortic stenosis. The trans-bronchial puncture of the left atrium may change the condition markedly in some patients. The transsseptal approach to the left side and the catheterization of the left ventricle from the aorta do not influence the circulation more than catheterization of the right side of the heart.