Abstract
In this issue of the International Journal of Epidemiology a Lancet letter by Martijn Katan is reprinted.1 Katan's letter introduced the notion that genotype–disease associations could be studied as a way of imputing the causal nature of the association between an environmentally influenceable intermediate phenotype and disease. This approach has come to be referred to as ‘Mendelian randomization’.2, 3 This term had previously been introduced in a somewhat different context with reference to the evaluation of the efficacy of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in leukaemia. In this commentary we elucidate this method and provide an update regarding its implementation.

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