Abstract
Twentieth century progressivism produced intergovernmental models that do not work in this era of terrorism. Their shortcomings surfaced during the Gulf War, with efforts to involve the National Guard in disaster relief, and are now quite apparent. Four assumptions should guide the adaptation of existing intergovernmental models: (a) recognizing the new linkage between intergovernmental relations and the military; (b) mastering new proactive methods rather than waiting on the slow processes of incremental reform; (c) accepting new values (timeliness, flexibility, and containment of the deadly consequences of terrorism) to constrain 21st century intergovernmental relations; and (d) rebuilding the shattered intergovernmental context.

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