Genotoxic and CYP 1A enzyme effects consecutive to the food transfer of oil spill contaminants from mussels to mammals
- 1 July 2004
- journal article
- Published by EDP Sciences in Aquatic Living Resources
- Vol. 17 (3) , 303-307
- https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:2004028
Abstract
The transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from bivalves, through the food chain to vertebrates was of concern. Our research aimed at estimating potential effects for consumers resulting from the ingestion of seafood contaminated by oil spill pollutants. After the “Erika” wreck, mussels (Mytilus sp.) were collected from sites of the Atlantic coast impacted to various degrees by the oil slick and constituted contaminated food for rats during 2 and 4 weeks. Genotoxic damage were studied in rats by means of COMET assay carried out in liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood. Biochemical and genomic effects such as the induction of CYP 1A1 and the expression of cytochrome genes were measured in rat livers. The most sensitive biological parameter reflecting the transfer of contaminants via the food appeared to be DNA breaks studied by means of the COMET assay. Genotoxic damage, observed mainly in the liver, were rather moderate and remained not persistent. This study underlined the bioavailability of pollutants in fuel oil contaminated mussels for consumers, and the complexity of the contamination consecutive to the oil spill. The occurrence of related PAH compounds in addition to non-substituted PAHs in fuel oils and mussels raised the question of their implication in the registered effects. Nos préoccupations venaient du transfert des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) des bivalves aux mammifères, par la voie alimentaire. Notre recherche visait à estimer les effets potentiels pour des consommateurs résultant de l'ingestion de fruits de mer contaminés par les polluants de marée noire. Suite au naufrage de l'« Erika », des moules (Mytilus sp.) ont été échantillonnées sur des stations de la côte atlantique plus ou moins polluées par la marée noire. Des rats ont reçu pendant 2 et 4 semaines des rations de cette nourriture contaminée. La génotoxicité a été étudiée au moyen du test des comètes au niveau du foie, de la moelle osseuse et du sang périphérique des rats. Les effets biochimiques et génomiques tels que l'induction du CYP 1A1 et l'expression des gènes du cytochrome, ont été recherchés au niveau du foie. Le paramètre biologique le plus sensible, reflétant un transfert des contaminants par la voie alimentaire, apparaît être l'étude des cassures à l'ADN par le test des comètes. Les dommages génotoxiques, observés principalement dans le foie, restent plutôt modérés et non persistants. Cette étude a souligné la biodisponibilité des polluants dans les moules pour le consommateur, et la complexité de la contamination engendrée par la marée noire. La présence de composés apparentés aux HAPs, en plus des HAPs non-substitués dans les fiouls lourds libérés et dans les moules, soulève la question de leur implication dans les effets observés.Keywords
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