Effect of Surface Treatment on the Corrosion of Stainless Steels in High-Temperature Water and Steam

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Abstract
The corrosion behavior of AISI 304 and 410 steels as well as 23.5 Cr‐21.5 Ni steels in superheated steam at temperatures between 400° and 600°C was found to be influenced markedly by preliminary surface treatments: electrolytic polishing, mechanical polishing, milling, lathe‐turning, grinding. The treatments accompanied by cold‐working reduced the corrosion rate, the effect being retained for long times (at least 2000 hr for AISI 304 steel at 450°C). This enhanced corrosion resistance is attributed to the presence of cold‐worked surface layers which were detected by measurement of x‐ray line broadening. Electron microprobe analyses of the oxide layers and of the underlying metal showed that the oxide is enriched and the metal depleted in chromium and manganese. These elements thus seem to diffuse through the cold‐worked layer toward the oxide. In water, at 300°C and below, the phenomena are more complex and not yet fully understood.

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