Materials problems in fluidized-bed combustion systems: high-temperature erosion-corrosion by high-velocity (200ms/s) particles

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Abstract
The response of nickel- and cobalt base superalloys, aluminide coatings for these alloys, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ to erosion-oxidation and erosion-hot corrosion conditions has been studied at 871/sup 0/C (1600/sup 0/F) in a high velocity gas stream 200 m/sec (656 ft/sec). The experiments were performed in a dynamic combustor (burner rig) operated on aircraft-grade jet fuel and compressed air. Erosive conditions were achieved by injecting abrasive powder into the burner rig. Alumina powders with average particle sizes of 20, 2.5, and 0.3 ..mu..m MgO were used as abrasive media. In the erosion-oxidation experiments, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ was much more resistant to degradation than all the metallic systems. For all the metallic systems it was found that: with 20 ..mu..m Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ particles, material loss occurred because of mechanical erosion; with 2 ..mu..m Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ particles, the materials degradation involved an interaction between oxidation and erosion such that the formation of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ scales inhibited erosion; deposition of 0.3 ..mu..m Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ particles occurred on specimens and these particles did not establish an erosive component; and the magnitude of the erosive component increased as the hardness of the abrasive increased. Silicon nitride was much more resistant thanmore » the metallic systems in the erosion-hot corrosion test; erosion-hot corrosion using 2 ..mu..m Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ occurred at rates greater than the sum of the rates of erosion and hot corrosion acting independent of one another; the interaction between hot corrosion and erosion was not affected by the particle hardness; and deposition of 0.3 ..mu..m Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ during hot corrosion caused the degradation rates to decrease. The erosion-oxidation behavior of the metallic systems was consistent with the theory for ductile erosion. The synergism between erosion and hot corrosion occurs because each process establishes conditions that accelerate the other. « less

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