White-light emitting thin film electroluminescent devices with stacked SrS:Ce/CaS:Eu active layers

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Abstract
By stacking blue-green emitting SrS:Ce and red-emitting CaS:Eu active layers, white-light emitting electroluminescent (EL) devices were fabricated. Luminance improvement and EL characteristics of SrS:Ce and CaS:Eu EL devices were discussed. The electrooptical characteristics of white-light emitting EL devices with stacked SrS:Ce/CaS:Eu active layers were presented. Color changed from blue-green to white by changing the voltage or frequency. Finally, feasibility of multicolor EL devices by using the fabricated white-light emitting EL devices with color filters were discussed. UFpg5523,5527 UFid992922JAP UFttIn situ ac magnetic susceptibility of gadolinium thin films UFauF. H. Salas$SUPa),b)$ and M. Mirabal-Garciaa$SUPc)$ UFloInstitut fuur Atom- und Festkourperphysik, Freie Universitaut Berlin, D-1000 Berlin 33, ufquadFederal Republic of Germany UFsd(Received 27 April 1989; accepted for publication 3 August 1989) UFabWe report measurements of the ac magnetic susceptibility on Gd(0001)/W(110) thin films grown in ultrahigh vacuum. The measurements were made by using a pickup coil, in which the geometry and the number of turns were optimized. We applied an alternating magnetic field of about 2 Grms at frequencies of 180 and 340 Hz. The growth mode and the deposition rate of the Gd films were determined by performing conventional Auger electron spectroscopy during film growth. In films with thickness larger than 10 nm our technique is sensitive up to 1016 atoms/Grms , which allowed us to study the critical behavior of the magnetic susceptibility as the Curie temperature is approached from above, TT+C . A sharp maximum, which may be related to the Hopkinson effect, is observed at a temperature TH 289 K.