The use of the generic names Aspergillus and Penicillium for ascosporic as well as asexual spp. of these cosmopolitan and economically important groups of fungi is defended. This defense is based upon the following considerations (1) The priority and historical backgrounds of these names in relationship to others subsequently introduced for the perfect stage as found in different sections of these genera. (2) The general acceptance throughout the world of Aspergillus and Penicillium as appropriate genera to include ascosporic as well as asexual spp. (3) The preponderance of asexual species of both gen. in nature and the evident intrageneric relationship of such fungi with other species which exhibit an ascosporic stage. (4) The behavior of ascosporic species in laboratory cultures and the frequent dependence of the sexual stage upon environmental and nutritional conditions. (5) The wording and interpretation of the articles of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (1952 and 1956) as these apply to Aspergillus and Penicillium. The use of the generic names Eurotium, Sartorya and Emericella for ascosporic spp. of Aspergillus and of Carpenteles and Talaromyces for ascosporic species of Penicillium is believed unwise, since such usage violates certain of the basic principles of the International Code.