Sheathed Catheter System for Fluoroscopically Guided Retrograde Catheterization, and Brush and Forceps Biopsy of the Upper Urinary Tract

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Abstract
A sheathed (coaxial) ureteral catheter was designed for use in fluoroscopically guided retrograde procedures. Once the catheter was inserted into the ureter the inner section is removed, leaving a semiflexible sheath as a conduit for biopsy forceps, curved catheters and other instruments. The sheath facilitates ureteral stenting, forceps biopsy of the renal pelvis and brush biopsy of all calices. The sheath also helps in percutaneous stone extraction by allowing retrograde needed initially to insert the catheter but not to pass instruments through the sheath. Procedures can be completed in a standard fluoroscopy room.