Abstract
The author summarizes the human failures responsible for the Chernobyl disaster and argues that, in considering the human contribution to power plant emergencies, it is necessary to distinguish between: (a) errors and violations; and (b) active and latent failures. He then presents empirical evidence, drawn from driver behavior, which suggests that errors and violations have different psychological origin. Finally, he outlines a 'resident pathogen' view of accident causation, and seeks to identify the various system pathways along which errors and violations may be propagated.

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