The Merging of Welfare State Models?

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Abstract
Recent social policy debates have revolved around different typologies of the welfare states. Although these typologies portray large historical trends, empirical tests of the exist ence of the welfare state models are often based on cross-sectional inspections. For several reasons, cross-sectional analyses may give biased results. The present paper assesses longitudinal patterns in social policy forma tion in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, each representing a different variant of social policy models. In particular, the paper deals with historical trends and present problems of the Scandinavian model of social policy. The historical review studies whether the Nordic countries ever shared a common social policy pattern. The examin ation of the present-day challenges discusses whether current policy responses make these countries more similar to other countries.

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