Upgrading of waste water treatment processes for integrated nutrient removal — The BCFS process

Abstract
In the past years extensive experience has been gained in the upgrading of waste water treatment processes for efficient nutrient removal. Hereby especially the integration of denitrification and biological P-removal has been focused upon on these experiences a new process configuration (the BCFS®-process) was developed. This process is specially designed to optimise the activity of denitrifying P-removing bacteria. If the biological P-removal process needs to be supplemented an integrated T-stripper' is designed. This paper reviews the upgrading of three wastewater treatment plants by the new process.

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