Endoluminal Methods for Gastrotomy Closure in Natural Orifice TransEnteric Surgery (NOTES)

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Abstract
Natural orifice transenteric surgery (NOTES) is a new and rapidly evolving concept for intra-abdominal operations that offers the potential for a revolutionary advance in patient care. Conceptually, operations that currently require an open or laparoscopic approach could be performed without incisions in the abdomen, with their concomitant pain and scarring. A recent consensus statement by a joint group of gastrointestinal surgeons and gastroenterologists has identified several technical and technologic hurdles that would need to be overcome before NOTES becomes a clinical reality. One of the most significant requirements identified is the need for a very secure closure of the gastrotomy site that is required for scope passage and specimen removal. Although a rapidly expanding variety of transgastric procedures has been reported, only a few reports address the basic problem of gastrotomy closure. Availability of a safe and simple gastrotomy closure device, however, will be essential for the widespread adoption of the new field of NOTES. Unless new safe and simple devices for endoscopic gastrotomy closure are available and have proven efficacy, NOTES will remain in the hands of a few specialists at centers of excellence because the risk of complications due to insufficient gastrotomy closure will not be acceptable for the surgeon and gastroenterologist in general practice. In this article, we describe three new devices in development or newly on the market that are targeted to advance the safe endoscopic closure of gastrotomy from NOTES.