Natural Killer and Natural Killer-Like Cell Activity of Peripheral Blood and Intrathyroidal Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Graves' Disease

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Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the natural killer (NK) and natural killer-like (NK-like) cell cytotoxic activity toward autologous thyrocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNC) and thyroid gland mononuclear cells (TG-MNC) from previously hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease, and the effects of recombinant interleukin-2 on such cytotoxic activity. The average cytotoxicities of PB-MNC from Graves' patients toward K562 cells (NK-sensitive cells), Raji cells (NK-resistant cells), and autologous thyrocytes were 23.9 ± 10.8 (±SD) lytic units (LU), 7.4 ± 3.8 LU, and 11.7 ± 4.4 LU, respectively. There were no differences in the NK and NKlike cell activity of PB-MNC between Graves' disease patients and normal subjects. In contrast to PB-MNC from patients with Graves' disease, NK and NK-like cell activity was markedly decreased in TG-MNC (NK cell activity, 2.1 ± 2.3 LU; NK-like cell activity, 1.5 ± 1.5 LU). TG-MNC from Graves' patients had no cytotoxic activity against autologous thyrocytes. Using themonoclonal anti-Leu 7 and anti-CDl6 antibodies and a twocolor immunofluorescence method, the NK cell subsets were examined in PB-MNC and TG-MNC from Graves' patients. The percentage of CD16+ cells was significantly decreased in TG-MNC compared to PB-MNC, whereas there was no significant difference in the percentage of Leu 7+ cells between PBMNC and TG-MNC. Incubation of TG-MNC with medium only did not increase the NK and NK-like cell activity of these cells. Furthermore, incubation of autologous PB-MNC with supernatants of minced thyroid tissues did not alter their NK and NKlike cell activity. The decreased NK and NK-like cell activity of TG-MNC was augmented when these cells were incubated with recombinant interleukin-2. These results suggest that the reduction of NK cell activity in TG-MNC may allow perpetuation of B-cell activation and lead to excessive production of autoantibody in thyroid tissue.