The effect of induced muscular tension upon various phases of the learning process.

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Abstract
In this study tension was induced by having subjects support weights while they were learning nonsense syllables. Poor learners were found to benefit from induced muscular tension in terms of increased efficiency in learning, whereas good learners did not. Among the poor learners, those who had no previous practice in the anticipation method of learning benefited more than the practiced poor performers. There was some indication that poor learners may be facilitated and good learners inhibited in both recall and relearning by the induction of tension during reinstatement. The results of the study tend to confirm Washburn's "motor theory of consciousness," which asserts that the motor processes are not only accompaniments of consciousness but that they play a direct causal role in consciousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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