Metastatic Breast Cancer

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Abstract
WITHIN the young discipline of medical oncology, the systemic therapy of metastatic breast cancer has a long history. Bilateral oophorectomy, which was noted in the 19th century to cause the regression of advanced disease, was the first effective treatment for any disseminated human cancer.1 Breast cancer was also one of the first cancers found to respond to chemotherapy, and was a proving ground for principles of combination chemotherapy that are now almost universally applied.2 In subsequent years improved methods of diagnosis and monitoring, new drugs, and better means of alleviating drug toxicity have expanded the arsenal of the medical oncologist. . . .