Ultrafast Gas Chromatography on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Stationary Phases in Microfabricated Channels

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Abstract
The key to rapid temperature programmed separations with gas chromatography are a fast, low-volume injection and a short microbore separation column with fast resistive heating. One of the major problems with the reduction of column dimensions for micro gas chromatography is the availability of a stationary phase that provides good separation performance. In this report, we present the first integration of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a stationary phase into 100 μm × 100 μm square and 50-cm-long microfabricated channels. The small size of this column with integrated resistive heater and the robustness of the SWNT phase allow for fast temperature programming of up to 60 °C/s. A combination of the fast temperature programming and the narrow peak width of small-volume injections that can be obtained from a high-speed, dual-valve injection system allows for rapid separations of gas mixtures. We demonstrate highly reproducible separations of four-compound test mixtures on these columns in less than 1 s using fast temperature programming.