Structure, Function, and Equilibrium in the Evolutionism of Herbert Spencer

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Abstract
It is widely believed that Herbert Spencer dealt only with the general nature and direction of social evolution, and did not concern himself with its mechanisms and detailed workings. But this is not true. Spencer devoted considerable attention to the process by which societies adapt themselves to their environments, and the ways in which this adaptation is related to evolution. Indeed, in certain of his writings Spencer portrayed social evolution as the accumulation of structural and functional changes that occur as societies successively reequilibrate themselves to altered conditions of existence.

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