Limitations on the Practical Applicability of d′ and β Measures

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Abstract
This article summarizes several of the limitations that have occasionally been raised against the use of the conceptual model and performance measures of Signal Detection Theory (SDT) in various research situations. The statistical assumptions underlying the meaningful computation of d′ and β as independent estimates of sensitivity and criterion are emphasized, and the overall applicability of the general SDT model itself is questioned under certain research conditions in which it is typically employed. The results from three separate experiments (vigilance, visual search, and auditory detection) are presented to illustrate the potential consequences of the misapplication of SDT. These results are discussed as relevant examples of current research which faces serious difficulties in applying SDT measures to an observer's performance without a critical consideration of underyling tenets or theory.

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