Hot-Water Immersion Quarantine Treatment for Carambolas Infested with Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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Abstract
Immersing carambolas, Averrhoa carambola L., infested with larvae of Anastrepha Suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in 46-46.4°C water for 45 min provided probit 9 security (99.9968% mortality) with > 99% confidence based on a confirmatory test in which > 190,000 larvae (mostly third instars) were killed. The treatment shortened the shelf life of the sweet cultivars ‘Arkin,’ ‘Demak,’ ‘Butts Dwarf,’ ‘Key West,’ ‘Sri Kembayan,’ ‘Fwang Tung,’ ‘B-lO,’ ‘Hart,’ and ‘Wheeler’ by 15-40%. Tart ‘Golden Star’ and ‘Star King’ carambolas turned soft and were an off-yellow color compared with nontreated fruits within a few days after treatment. The sweet cultivar ‘Hew r developed brown spots within 15 min after removal from the hot water.