Within-day Physiologic Variation of Leukocyte Types in Healthy Subjects as Assayed by Two Automated Leukocyte Differential Analyzers

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Abstract
The physiologic within-day (700–2200 h) variation of leukocyte-type concentrations in blood as determined for 21 healthy young adults is reported. All blood specimens were obtained in duplicate such that the withinbatch analytic variation, as well as the pertinent biologic sources of variation, was able to be determined. All specimens were analyzed on each of two automated leukocyte differential systems: Hemalog® Differential System and the Hematrak-240® Analyzer. On the basis of a comparison of the performances of the two analyzers, it was decided to report the neutrophil and the lymphocyte values as measured on both systems, the monocyte values as measured on the Hematrak only, and the eosinophil and basophil values as measured on the Hemalog-D only. The intrasubject within-day physiologic variations for the cell types on the Hemalog-D and Hematrak, respectively, in terms of coefficient of variation were as follows: neutrophils, 19.4% and 19.6%; lymphocytes, 13.8% and 17.5%. For monocytes, as measured on the Hematrak, it was 13.4%. For eosinophils and basophils, as measured on the Hemalog-D, it was 27.2% and 8.3%, respectively. There was a consistent group-specific diurnal variance that amounted to more than 40% of the total within-day variance, both for lymphocytes and for eosinophils. The within-day physiologic variation of the cell type concentrations for eight of the volunteers was compared with that of the plasma Cortisol concentrations, as determined on specimens derived from the same venipuncture sessions. The decrease in plasma Cortisol values was in most instances associated with decreases in eosinophils and increases in neutrophils. For total leukocytes and neutrophils, the mean concentration for smokers was significantly higher than that for nonsmokers.

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